Accident proneness, laterality, and time estimation.

Cerebral laterality has been linked to accident proneness and time perception, but the possible role of time estimation abilities has received little attention. Accordingly, the present study focused on this under-explored question while also aiming to replicate past work examining the relationship between measures of laterality and injury proneness. Participants reported on the number of accidents they have had in their lifetime requiring medical care and the number of minor accidents they had in the past month as outcome variables. They also completed the Waterloo Handedness Questionnaire, a left bias visual task (Greyscales task), a right bias auditory verbal task (Fused Dichotic Words Task), and an objective measure of time perception. Extensive examination of statistical model fit showed that a model assuming a Poisson distribution provided the best fit for minor injuries and an additional negative binomial provided the best fit to the lifetime accidents. Results showed a negative relation between the degree of verbal laterality (absolute right bias) and injuries requiring medical care. Furthermore, the number of accidents requiring medical care was positively related to the precision of time estimation and the direction of verbal laterality on response time (raw right bias). Interpretations of these findings emphasize their implications for interhemispheric communication and motor control in the context of time estimation and auditory verbal laterality. These aspects seem to provide promising avenues for future research.

Exploring safety culture research in the construction industry.

BACKGROUND: Despite numerous regulatory initiatives to improve health and safety in the construction industry, it still ranks as one of the most accident-prone industries worldwide. A dedicated focus on safety culture has been suggested as a complement to laws, regulations and management systems. OBJECTIVE: This article explores safety culture research conducted in the construction industry, with the aim to provide insight into the specific themes that tend to be in focus as well as what theoretical and methodological approaches that tend to be favored. METHODS: Searches in scientific databases were conducted twice. In a first attempt, searches resulted in 54 hits but only two articles fit the scope of the study. A revision of the search phrase resulted in 124 hits. Ultimately, 17 articles fit the scope of the study and were included. The content of the articles was analyzed and sorted thematically. RESULTS: The results show that four themes are prevalent in the existing literature: 1) unique challenges entail a need for situated applications, 2) models developed to operationalize safety culture, 3) measuring safety culture, and 4) safety management and leadership as key factors. CONCLUSION: Although research focusing on the construction industry has come to favor certain study designs and definitions of safety culture, further research may be enriched by broadening the theoretical and methodological perspectives. Specifically, researchers should conduct more in-depth qualitative studies that take the complexity of the industry into account, including the interpersonal relations between the actors involved.

Estudio de las heridas por amoladora tratadas en el Hospital de Clínicas y Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay / Grinder injuries treated at the Clínicas and Pasteur Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay / Estudo das lesões por esmerilhadeira tratadas no Hospital de Clínicas e Hospital Pasteur, Montevidéu, Uruguai

Resumen: Introducción: las heridas causadas por amoladora representan una consulta frecuente al cirujano plástico en nuestro país. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron conocer la epidemiología de los pacientes que consultaban con estas lesiones, conocer las circunstancias del accidente y estudiar si existía relación entre las condiciones de uso de la herramienta y la gravedad de las lesiones. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, donde se recabaron los datos de los pacientes que consultaban por heridas por amoladora en las puertas de emergencia de Hospital Pasteur y Hospital de Clínicas en un período de 6 meses. Resultados: un total de 76 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, la mayoría de sexo masculino, en edad laboral activa (39 a 58 años) dedicados a la realización de trabajos temporales o tareas de construcción, con bajo nivel de instrucción. El 84% de las heridas fueron graves. El 61% de los pacientes no utilizó los elementos de seguridad de la herramienta al momento del accidente. La mayoría de las lesiones se produjeron fuera del ambiente laboral. Conclusiones: en base a nuestro trabajo pudimos establecer el perfil epidemiológico de la población más susceptible de sufrir estas lesiones. Comprobamos que las heridas producidas por amoladora son en su mayoría graves y requieren procedimientos complejos para su resolución.

Summary: Introduction: grinder injuries represent a large number of consultations for plastic surgeons in our country. This study aims to learn about the epidemiological characteristics of patients who consulted for these lesions and the circumstances of the accidents, and to analyze whether there is a relationship between the conditions for tool use and the severity of lesions. Methodology: we conducted a retrospective, descriptive, transversal study where we collected data from the patients who consulted for grinder injuries at the emergency departments of Pasteur and Clínicas Hospital during a 6-month period. Results: seventy-six patients were included in the study, most of which were male working adults (between 39 and 58 years-old) who had temporary jobs or were performing construction works and had low levels of education. 84% of lesions were severe. 61% of patients did not respect safety regulations at the time of the accident. Most lesions occurred out of working hours. Conclusions: based on our study, we could identify the epidemiological profile of the most vulnerable population for this kind of lesions. We proved that most grinder lesions are severe and their management requires complex procedures.

Resumo: Introdução: as lesões causadas por esmerilhadeira são causa frequente de consulta ao cirurgião plástico no Uruguai. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram conhecer as características dos pacientes que consultaram com essas lesões, conhecer as circunstâncias do acidente e analisar a possível relação entre as condições de uso da ferramenta e a gravidade das lesões. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, onde foram coletados dados de pacientes que consultaram por lesões de esmerilhadeira no pronto-socorro do Hospital Pasteur e Hospital de Clínicas durante um período de 6 meses. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 76 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino, em idade ativa para trabalhar (39 a 58 anos) dedicados à realização de trabalhos temporários ou trabalhos na construção civil, com baixo nível de escolaridade. 84% dos ferimentos foram graves. 61% dos pacientes não utilizaram os elementos de segurança da ferramenta no momento do acidente. A maioria das lesões ocorreu fora do ambiente de trabalho. Conclusões: com base em nosso trabalho conseguimos estabelecer o perfil da população mais suscetível a esses agravos. Constatamos que a maioria das lesões causadas por esmerilhadeiras são graves, exigindo procedimentos complexos para sua resolução.

The effects of psychological risk factors at work on cognitive failures through the accident proneness.

BACKGROUND: Various agents such as psychosocial items and accident proneness can affect cognitive failures through different paths. The probable paths are the direct effects of workplace psychosocial items on cognitive failures and their indirect effects on cognitive failures through the mediator variable of accident proneness, which has not yet been studied by others. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate these paths. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 male employees of Karoon Sugar Company in 2018. The participants were asked to complete a background and demographic questionnaire, Broadbent cognitive failures scale, accident proneness questionnaire, and Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire. Obtained data were analyzed and modeled using the statistical descriptive method, ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson correlation test, and path analysis in the SPSS and AMOS software. RESULTS: The results of the path analysis showed that, not only, some psychosocial risk items had a significant direct effect on cognitive failures, but also, they could affect cognitive failures through the accident proneness, indirectly. Work-family conflict and social support from supervisors by coefficients of 0.188 and - 0.187 had the highest direct effects, respectively. The highest indirect effects belonged to justice and respect, and work-family conflict by coefficients of - 0.220 and 0.199, respectively. The highest total effects were also related to the work-family conflict and justice and respect by coefficients of 0.387 and - 0.381, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In total, our results showed that some psychological items could, directly and indirectly, increase cognitive failure through accident proneness.

Epidemiología del traumatismo craneoencefálico grave pediátrico: 15 años de experiencia en una unidad de politraumatismos infantil / Epidemiology of severe head injuries in children: 15 years' experience in a pediatric polytrauma unit

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In hospital falls of a large hospital.

OBJECTIVES: The present database contains information on patient falls in the hospital setting. Data were collected in January 2018 with of describing in-hospital falls reported from 1st January 2012 to 31 December 2017 in a large hospital in the South of Brazil. Learning about the characteristics of these events and establishing a profile may contribute to the design of adequate prevention and improvement strategies that are effective to reduce the risk of falls. DATA DESCRIPTION: This data set encompasses 1.071 in-patients falls characterized by the follow variables: year, date, patient birth, weekday, shift, department/location of the incident, location, severity, presence of companion, age, sex, risk level, medication associated with fall risk, implemented fall prevention protocol, type of injury, reason, restraint prescription, physical therapy prescription.

An Analysis of Individual and Social Factors Affecting Occupational Accidents

BACKGROUND: Workforce health is one of the primary and most challenging issues, particularly in industrialized countries. This article aims at modeling the major factors affecting accidents in the workplace, including general health, work-family conflict, effortereward imbalance, and internal and external locus of control. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Esfahan Steel Company in Iran. A total of 450 participants were divided into two groups—control and case—and the questionnaires were distributed among them. Data were collected through a 7-part questionnaire. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos software. RESULTS: All the studied variables had a significant relationship with the accident proneness. In the case group, general health with a coefficient of −0.37, work-family conflict with 0.10, effort-reward imbalance with 0.10, internal locus of control with −0.07, and external locus of control with 0.40 had a direct effect on occupational stress. Occupational stress also had a positive direct effect on accident proneness with a coefficient of 0.47. In addition, fitness indices of control group showed general health (−0.35), work-family conflict (0.36), effort-reward imbalance (0.13), internal locus of control (−0.15), and external locus of control (0.12) have a direct effect on occupational stress. Besides, occupational stress with a coefficient of 0.09 had a direct effect on accident proneness. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that although previous studies and the present study showed the effect of stress on accident and accident proneness, some hidden and external factors such as workefamily conflict, effortereward imbalance, and external locus of control that affect stress should also be considered. It helps industries face less occupational stress and, consequently, less occurrence rates of accidents.

El perfil de los corredores y su propensión al accidente deportivo / Runner's profile and propensity to sports accident

Se evalúa las relaciones entre el perfil sociodemográfico, la accidentabilidad y la propensión al accidente de los participantes en tres eventos deportivos: Zurich Marató de Barcelona, Cros de Muntanya Can Caralleu, y Marató Borredà-Xtrail. Una adaptación del cuestionario de propensión al accidente deportivo (PAD-22) de Latorre y Pantoja (2013) fue administrado a un total de 237 corredores. Los principales resultados muestran que: los corredores tienden a ser mayoritariamente varones, de entre 30 y 46 años, asalariados, con estudios postobligatorios, con experiencia previa en eventos de larga distancia, entrenan una media de 4 veces y un total de 7 horas a la semana; y los corredores de la maratón por asfalto tienen una sobreestimación de la Competencia Percibida y grados de Competitividad mayores a los corredores por montaña

This study evaluates relations between sociodemographic profile, accident rate and accident's propensity of three sport events participants: Zurich Marató de Barcelona, Cros de Muntanya Can Caralleu & Marató Borredà-Xtrail. The used method was an adaptation of the sports accident prone scale (PAD-22) from Latorre y Pantoja (2013), to 237 runners. The main results show that: runners tend to be mostly men, aged of 30-46 years, are salaried, have post-compulsory studies, have some experience in long distance events, train a mean of 4 times and more than 7 hours per week; and marathon asphalt runners have a overestimation of Perceived Competence and elevated degrees of Competitiveness, more than trail runners

Increased Risk of Suicide Attempts and Unintended Death Among Those Transitioning From Prison to Community in Later Life.

OBJECTIVE: The number of individuals transitioning from correctional facilities to community in later life (age ≥50 ) is increasing. We sought to determine if later-life prison release is a risk factor for suicidal behavior and death by accidental injury, including drug overdose. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and Medicare healthcare systems, 2012-2014. PARTICIPANTS: Veterans age ≥50 released from correctional facilities (N = 7,671 re-entry veterans) and those never incarcerated (N = 7,671). METHODS: Dates of suicide attempt and cause-specific mortality defined using the National Suicide Prevention Applications Network and the National Suicide Data Repository, respectively. RESULTS: Later-life prison release was associated with increased risk of suicide attempt (599.7 versus 134.7 per 100,000 per year; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24-5.32; p < 0.001, Wald χ2 = 31.58, degrees of freedom [df] = 1), death by drug overdose (121.7 versus 43.5; adjusted HR 3.45; 95% CI 1.37-8.73; p = 0.009, Wald χ2 = 6.86, df = 1), and other accidental injury (126.0 versus 39.1; adjusted HR 3.13; 95% CI 1.28-7.69; p = 0.013, Wald χ2 = 6.25, df = 1), adjusting for homelessness, traumatic brain injury, medical and psychiatric conditions, and accounting for competing risk of other deaths. Suicide mortality rates were observed as nonsignificant between re-entry veterans and those never incarcerated (30.4 versus 17.4, respectively; adjusted HR 2.40; 95% CI 0.51-11.24; p = 0.266, Wald χ2 = 1.23, df = 1). CONCLUSION: Older re-entry veterans are at considerable risk of attempting suicide and dying by drug overdose or other accidental injury. This study highlights importance of prevention and intervention efforts targeting later-life prison-to-community care transitions.

[Keys to preventing accidents in children in the school context]. / Claves infantiles para prevenir la siniestralidad en el contexto escolar.

OBJECTIVE: To learn about children's perception of the causes and prevention strategies involved in school accidents. METHOD: The sample included 584 school children aged 8-9 years from Navarra. A mixed design was chosen by questionnaire with three open-response questions and one multiple-choice assessment. Analysis was performed in two phases: 1) qualitative development of categories and dimensions of the responses of narrative content, and 2) quantitative variables for recoding correlational analysis. RESULTS: 22 categories emerged, which make up three perceptual dimensions: 1) attribution of causality (5), 2) identification of mechanisms of avoidance (11), and 3) development of coping strategies (6). The correlation intra-variables portray varying degrees: on the one hand, moderate positive numbers (r>0.5) in allocating and identifying causality avoidance mechanisms and, on the other hand, high positive correlation values (r>0.7) referred to developing coping strategies. DISCUSSION: Children are able to identify accidents as a health problem. They question the multiplicity of elements involved and relate the origin and kind of accident to prevention and support mechanisms.

Depth perception, dark adaptation, vigilance and accident proneness of Chinese coal mine workers.

To explore the relationships between human factors and accident proneness of coal mine workers, the depth perception, dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of 239 Chinese coal mine workers were tested and their accident proneness was surveyed with an accident proneness questionnaire. The results indicated that dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of the mine workers declined with increasing age. Vigilance had a significant negative relationship with accident proneness. There were significant differences in vigilance between coal mine workers doing different types of work. Individual difference in vigilance was relevant to the type of work that an individual did in a coal mine. The dark adaptation index had a significant positive relationship with accident proneness. Coal mine workers with weaker dark adaptation ability were also more accident prone. Some ergonomics recommendations concerning coal mine safety management in China are proposed.

Asma, rinitis y seguridad vial / Asthma, rhinitis and road safety

Introducción: Las lesiones por accidente de tráfico constituyen uno de los principales problemas de salud de la población mundial en los inicios del siglo XXI. En este estudio nos planteamos estudiar si existe una mayor prevalencia de accidentalidad en la conducción en personas con diagnóstico de asma y/o rinitis. Método: Se eligieron, de forma consecutiva durante un periodo de tres meses, a pacientes que acudieron a consultas de dos centros de Salud sin aquejar patología crónica, todos ellos con un rango de edad entre 18 y 65 años, conductores habituales y a un grupo de enfermos de las consultas de neumología, alergia y ORL de Hospital de Jerez, con diagnóstico de asma/rinitis. A estos pacientes se les entrevistó siguiendo cuestionario preestablecido, recogiéndose datos demográficos, consumo de tabaco antecedentes de siniestralidad en la conducción, características del asma y la rinitis y la escala Goldberg Anxiety-Depression (GADS) para la valoración de la existencia de comorbilidad psiquiátrica. Se calculó la prevalencia de accidentalidad en cada grupo y en los pacientes con diagnóstico de rinitis/asma, también en función de estos diagnósticos y su gravedad. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 424 personas sanas (49,3% mujeres) de 38 años de edad media y a 185 pacientes asmáticos/riníticos (52,4% mujeres), con edad media de 45 años. Un 67,6% de ellos padecían rinitis con o sin asma. Referían haber sufrido accidentes de tráfico un 33,8% del grupo control y el 41,6% de los pacientes asmáticos (p <0,001). Los pacientes que presentaban solamente rinitis (n = 125) concentraron más accidentes que la población sana del grupo control (0,48 ± 0,51 vs 0,34 ± 0,47; p < 0,001). La siniestralidad mostró relación con el grado de control del asma y la gravedad del asma y rinitis. Conclusiones: Existen indicios de una mayor siniestralidad en la conducción entre personas asmáticas y riníticas, que podría estar relacionada con la gravedad de estas patologías

Introduction: injuries from traffic accidents constitute one of the main health problems for the global population in the early 21st century. This study aims to determine if there is a greater prevalence of accident-causing driving among individuals diagnosed with asthma and/or rhinitis. Method: patients visiting two health centers who were not afflicted with chronic disease were recruited consecutively over the course of three months. All participants ranged between 18 and 65 years old, and were habitual drivers. A group of ill patients with a diagnosis of asthma/rhinitis were also recruited from the pulmonology, allergy and ENT departments at the Hospital de Jerez. These patients were interviewed following a predetermined questionnaire, collecting demographic data, tobacco use, history of driving accidents, characteristics of the asthma and rhinitis and the Goldberg Anxiety-Depression Scale (GADS) was used to evaluate the existence of a psychiatric comorbidity. The prevalence of accidents was calculated in each group and among the patients with a diagnosis of rhinitis/asthma, as well as according to diagnosis and severity. Results: 424 healthy individuals (49.3% women) were interviewed with an average age of 38. We also interviewed 185 patients with asthma/rhinitis (52.4% women), with an average age of 45. Of those interviewed, 67.6% suffered from rhinitis with or without asthma. A total of 33.8% of the control group and 41.6% of asthmatic patients (p <0.001) reported having suffered traffic accidents. Patients suffering only from rhinitis (n = 125) had more accidents than the healthy population in the control group (0.48 ± 0.51 vs 0.34 ± 0.47; p < 0.001). Accidents showed a correlation with the level of asthma control and the severity of asthma and rhinitis. Conclusions: there is a higher rate of driving accidents among individuals suffering from asthma and rhinitis, which may be related to the severity of these illnesses

Musculoskeletal disorders, personality traits, psychological distress, and accident proneness of Chinese coal miners.

BACKGROUND: Human factors comprise one of the important reasons leading to the casualty accidents in coal mines. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships among musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), personality traits, psychological distress, and accident proneness of coal miners. PARTICIPANTS: There were 1500 Chinese coal miners surveyed in this study. Among these miners, 992 valid samples were obtained. METHODS: The study surveyed the MSDs, personality traits, psychological distress, and accident proneness of coal miners with MSDs Likert scale, Eysenck personality questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale, and accident proneness questionnaire, respectively. RESULTS: The highest MSDs level was found in the waist. The increasing working age of the miners was connected with increased MSDs and psychological distress. Significant differences in MSDs and psychological distress of miners from different types of work were observed. Coal miners with higher MSDs had higher accident proneness. Coal miners with higher neuroticism dimension of Eysenck personality and more serious psychological distress had higher accident proneness. Phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism dimension of psychological distress were the three most important indicators that had significant positive relationships with accident proneness. CONCLUSION: The MSDs, neuroticism dimension, and psychological distress of the coal mine workers are important to work safety and require serious attention. Some implications concerning coal mine safety management in China were provided.

Preocupación a caer: validación de un instrumento de medición en personas mayores chilenas que viven en la comunidad / Fear of falling: validation of a measurement tool in Chilean elderly living in the community

Introducción. La preocupación a caer, con o sin antecedentes de caídas previas, es un factor de riesgo de disminución de la movilidad, de incapacidad, de disminución de la calidad de vida y puede desencadenar la autorrestricción de las actividades, con pérdida de independencia y funcionalidad. Medir la preocupación a caer, con instrumentos validados en población chilena, es una necesidad para detectar a personas mayores en riesgo. En Chile no existen instrumentos validados que midan este fenómeno. El objetivo de este estudio es validar en español la versión acortada del instrumento Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) en personas mayores chilenas que viven en la comunidad. Material y método. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo con 2aplicaciones: una al ingreso y otra a las 4 semanas. El FES-I fue traducido según el método back-translation, evaluado por un panel de expertos y aplicado en 10 personas mayores. Después de la aplicación piloto, se elaboró la versión final, la cual fue aplicada a una muestra de 113 personas mayores. Se utilizaron medidas de tendencia central y dispersión, análisis de confiabilidad y análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados. La versión acortada y en español del FES-I mostró buena confiablidad y validez en población chilena de personas mayores. Conclusiones. A futuro se espera que este instrumento sea usado, por clínicos e investigadores, para conocer la magnitud del problema y el impacto que tiene el miedo a caer en las caídas, funcionalidad y calidad de vida de las personas mayores que viven en la comunidad (AU)

Introducción. Fear of falling, with or without previous falls history, is a risk factor for decreased mobility, disability, as well as a decreased quality of life, and can trigger the self-restriction of activities with loss of independence and functionality. Validated tools for measuring the fear of falling in the Chilean population is a needed to detect those at risk. There are currently no validated instruments to measure this phenomenon in Chile. The aim of this study is to validate the Spanish version of the short «Falls Efficacy Scale-International» (FES-I) in an elderly population living in the community in Chile. Material and method. A cross-sectional study was performed using applications at baseline and 4 weeks. The short FES-I was translated using the back-translation method, evaluated by a panel of experts, and piloted in 10 older adults. After the pilot study, the final version was applied to a sample of 113 elderly persons. Data analysis used measures of central tendency, and reliability and confirmatory factor analysis was used. Results. The Spanish version of the short FES-I showed good reliability and validity in an elderly Chilean population. Conclusions. This falls risks measurement tool can be used by clinicians and researchers in order to determine the magnitude of the problem and the impact of fear of falling on falls, functionality, and quality of life of the elderly who live in the community (AU)

Does dental trauma in the primary dentition increases the likelihood of trauma in the permanent dentition? A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this longitudinal study was to assess the likelihood of children suffering traumatic dental injuries in the permanent dentition subsequent to traumatic dental injuries in their primary dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted in Pelotas, Brazil. Children were assessed in 2007, when they were aged 2-5 years, and in 2013, at which time, they were aged 8-11 years. Data collection included interviews with parents and clinical oral examination for dental trauma and occlusion. The classification proposed by Andreasen and Andreasen was used, and crown discoloration and fistula were added to this criterion in order to assess pulp involvement. Child/parent report was used to aid in the diagnosis of both treated and untreated injuries. As a limitation, no radiographs were taken. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 110 children were included. Dental trauma frequency in the primary dentition was 38.2% and that in the permanent dentition was 30.9%. In the multivariate analyses, children with dental trauma in the primary dentition showed a higher likelihood of suffering dental trauma in the permanent dentition [odds ratio (OR) 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-8.91, P = 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with previous trauma in the primary dentition are prone to further trauma in the permanent dentition. The history of dental trauma may be used to predict dental trauma in the permanent dentition and to establish preventive measures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Behavioral characteristics may be related to the risk of a child suffering injuries. The results suggested that some children are accident-prone.

The attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder model for traumatic dental injuries: a critical review and update of the last 10 years.

It has been more than 10 years since the proposal of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) model as an explanatory construct for traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children. The aim of this review was to address developments in the study of the issue after 2005-2016. A systematic literature search covering the period from 2005 to 2016 was conducted on PubMed, the Cochrane library and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Fourteen studies exploring the relationship between ADHD and TDIs from 2005 and onward (including the proposal paper) were identified. Of the 12 controlled studies, nine reported confirming findings for a link with ADHD in the occurrence of TDIs. More than one-third of all children with ADHD may suffer from TDIs. In ADHD children, the most common types of injury were uncomplicated/complicated crown fractures and subluxation of maxillary central incisors resulting from falls and collisions. There is also evidence that ADHD represents an independent risk factor other than the well-established risk factor of incisor overjet. Over the last 10 years, convincing evidence has accumulated that ADHD is an important and common risk factor for TDIs. Increased awareness and side-by-side work of medical, dental and mental professionals at both clinical and research settings are necessary.

Vulnerability to unintentional injuries associated with land-use activities and search and rescue in Nunavut, Canada.

Injury is the leading cause of death for Canadians aged 1 to 44, occurring disproportionately across regions and communities. In the Inuit territory of Nunavut, for instance, unintentional injury rates are over three times the Canadian average. In this paper, we develop a framework for assessing vulnerability to injury and use it to identify and characterize the determinants of injuries on the land in Nunavut. We specifically examine unintentional injuries on the land (outside of hamlets) because of the importance of land-based activities to Inuit culture, health, and well-being. Semi-structured interviews (n = 45) were conducted in three communities that have varying rates of search and rescue (SAR), complemented by an analysis of SAR case data for the territory. We found that risk of land-based injuries is affected by socioeconomic status, Inuit traditional knowledge, community organizations, and territorial and national policies. Notably, by moving beyond common conceptualizations of unintentional injury, we are able to better assess root causes of unintentional injury and outline paths for prevention.

Prevalencia y factores asociados a lesiones no intencionales / Prevalence and factors associated with unintentional injuries in Spain

Objetivo principal: describir la prevalencia y analizar los factores sociodemográficos que se asocian a haber sufrido una lesión no intencionada en la población menor de 15 años en España. Objetivos secundarios: describir el lugar donde se produce el accidente, la asistencia que precisó y el daño ocurrido. Material y métodos: estudio transversal utilizando datos individuales de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (2011/2012). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y multivariante, estratificado por sexo, mediante regresión logística. Resultados: la prevalencia de lesiones fue del 7,68% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95]: 6,97-8,39); siendo más frecuentes en niños y entre los 5 y 15 años de edad. La mayoría de las lesiones ocurrieron en la casa (25,3%). El 75,6% de los accidentados acudieron a un Servicio de Urgencias. Los daños más frecuentes fueron las contusiones o heridas superficiales (63,5%). Los factores asociados con sufrir una lesión son ser varón y la mayor edad. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de las lesiones no intencionadas en población infantil residente en España en 2011 fue del 7,68%. Los factores asociados con sufrir una lesión fueron ser niño y tener más de un año de edad (AU)

Main objective: to describe the prevalence and analyze the sociodemographic factors associated with having suffered unintentional injury in the population under 15 years in Spain in 2011. Secondary ob­jectives: to describe the place where the accident occurs, the assistance and the damage occurred. Methods: cross-sectional study using individual data from the National Health Survey (2011/2012). A descriptive and multi­variate analysis was carried out, stratified by sex, using logistic regression. Results: the prevalence of injuries was 7.68% (95% confidence interval: 6.97-8.39); being more common in boys and between 5 and 15 years old. Most of the injuries occurred at home (25.3%). 75.6 % of the injured went to an emergency department. The most common damage was superficial bruises or injuries (63.5%). Conclusions: the prevalence of unintentional injuries among children resident in Spain in 2011 was 7.68%. The factors associated with being injured in the pediatric population are being a boy and being older than one year (AU)

Accident Proneness in Children and Adolescents Affected by ADHD and the Impact of Medication.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to ascertain once and for all whether children and adolescents affected by ADHD show a higher risk for accidents, as well as investigating a possible association between the administration of ADHD-specific medication and the occurrence of accidents. METHOD: Two exceptionally large sets of data were implemented in this analysis. Participants included children and adolescents representative of the entire German population. Data for Survey 1 was collected through extensive administration of questionnaires. Data for Survey 2 stemmed from the records of a leading German health insurance company. In terms of statistical analysis, chi-square tests as well as logistic regression analyses were applied and odds ratios (ORs) were determined. RESULTS: Innovative results are presented showing a significantly higher likelihood for ADHD-affected youngsters to be involved in accidents compared with their nonaffected counterparts (Survey 1: OR = 1.60; Survey 2: OR = 1.89) but lacking an overall significant influence of medication regarding the occurrence of accidents (Survey 1: OR = 1.28; Survey 2: OR = 0.97). Frequency of accidents could be predicted by ADHD, gender, and age in both samples. Medication intake served as a weak predictor only in Survey 2. CONCLUSION: It has been determined in two representative and independent German samples that youngsters with ADHD are at a significantly higher risk of being involved in accidents. In the future, this should always be considered when setting up a treatment plan to ensure a safer and healthier coming of age without relying solely on specific effects of medication. (J. of Att. Dis. 2016; 20(6) 501-509).